What's the correct CVC (Consonant vowel Consonant) word for aluminum container vehicle (Grade 3 ENGLISH)

 What's the correct cvc word of aluminum container vehicle for frozen foods​?

-van

What's the correct cvc word for the part of fish​?

-fin

What's the correct cvc word for mist a during night time to eaarly morning?

-fog

What's the correct cvc word for a  short sleep?

-nap

What's the correct cvc word for warm embrace from others?

-hug

HOW TO GET LIFE w/out ASKING YOUR FRIENDS ( CANDY CRUSH)

CANDY CRUSH is one of Facebooks featured games that became a hit. So addicting to the point that your turning into an insomaniac for wanting to finished your present level.

Problems that you may encounter at this game  is  moving forward to the next level :
1) a TICKET wherein you need 3 friends to give you ticket and another 
2)  is that you have "0" zero life and need to wait for few minutes for your life to be filled or to ask help from your friends.




I wan't to share a solution to your problem and just follow the procedures below:

• Once you click the "TRY AGAIN " button this will appear

                       

• A new window will appear  hit the "NEW LIFE" button

• A new window will appear with  advertisement. Just wait for the RED "X" to turn GREEN then hit the "X" button.

• Click on your  present level, You will notice that 1 life is added . And that's it! you can play for another round of CANDY CRUSH, Do the above procedure and you can play as long as you want. 

NOTE : If ever the new window appear out of the ordinary just hit the "x" button  and  REPEAT the procedure again till life is added.

Happy gaming! Enjoy!

KEYBOARD SHORTCUTS

                     Keyboard Shorcuts (Microsoft Windows)
1. CTRL+C (Copy)
2. CTRL+X (Cut)
3. CTRL+V (Paste)
4. CTRL+Z (Undo)
5. DELETE (Delete)
6. SHIFT+DELETE (Delete the selected item permanently without placing the item in the Recycle Bin)
7. CTRL while dragging an item (Copy the selected item)
8. CTRL+SHIFT while dragging an item (Create a shortcut to the selected item)
9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10.CTRL+RIGHT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next word)
11.CTRL+LEFT ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous word)
12.CTRL+DOWN ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the next paragraph)
13.CTRL+UP ARROW (Move the insertion point to the beginning of the previous paragraph)
14.CTRL+SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Highlight a block of text)
SHIFT with any of the arrow keys (Select more than one item in a window or on the desktop, or select text in a document)
15.CTRL+A (Select all)
16. F3 key (Search for a file or a folder)
17. ALT+ENTER (View the properties for the selected item)
18. ALT+F4 (Close the active item, or quit the active program)
19. ALT+ENTER (Display the properties of the selected object)
20. ALT+SPACEBAR (Open the shortcut menu for the active window)
21. CTRL+F4 (Close the active document in programs that enable you to have multiple documents opensimultaneou sly)
22. ALT+TAB (Switch between the open items)
23. ALT+ESC (Cycle through items in the order that they had been opened)
24. F6 key (Cycle through the screen elements in a window or on the desktop)
25. F4 key (Display the Address bar list in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
26. SHIFT+F10 (Display the shortcut menu for the selected item)
27. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the System menu for the active window)
28. CTRL+ESC (Display the Start menu)
29. ALT+Underlined letter in a menu name (Display the corresponding menu) Underlined letter in a command name on an open menu (Perform the corresponding command)
30. F10 key (Activate the menu bar in the active program)
31. RIGHT ARROW (Open the next menu to the right, or open a submenu)
32. LEFT ARROW (Open the next menu to the left, or close a submenu)
33. F5 key (Update the active window)
34. BACKSPACE (View the folder one level up in My Computer or Windows Explorer)
35. ESC (Cancel the current task)
36. SHIFT when you insert a CD-ROM into the CD-ROM drive (Prevent the CD-ROM from automatically playing)

Dialog Box - Keyboard Shortcuts
 
1. CTRL+TAB (Move forward through the tabs)
2. CTRL+SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the tabs)
3. TAB (Move forward through the options)
4. SHIFT+TAB (Move backward through the options)
5. ALT+Underlined letter (Perform the corresponding command or select the corresponding option)
6. ENTER (Perform the command for the active option or button)
7. SPACEBAR (Select or clear the check box if the active option is a check box)
8. Arrow keys (Select a button if the active option is a group of option buttons)
9. F1 key (Display Help)
10.F4 key (Display the items in the active list)
11.BACKSPACE (Open a folder one level up if a folder is selected in the Save As or Open dialog box)


Microsoft Natural Keyboard Shortcuts
 
1. Windows Logo (Display or hide the Start menu)
2. Windows Logo+BREAK (Display the System Properties dialog box)
3. Windows Logo+D (Display the desktop)
4. Windows Logo+M (Minimize all of the windows)
5. Windows Logo+SHIFT+M (Restorethe minimized windows)
6. Windows Logo+E (Open My Computer)
7. Windows Logo+F (Search for a file or a folder)
8. CTRL+Windows Logo+F (Search for computers)
9. Windows Logo+F1 (Display Windows Help)
10. Windows Logo+ L (Lock the keyboard)
11. Windows Logo+R (Open the Run dialog box)
12. Windows Logo+U (Open Utility Manager)
  
Accessibility Keyboard Shortcuts
 
13. Right SHIFT for eight seconds (Switch FilterKeys either on or off)
14. Left ALT+left SHIFT+PRINT SCREEN (Switch High Contrast either on or off)
15. Left ALT+left SHIFT+NUM LOCK (Switch the MouseKeys either on or off)
16. SHIFT five times (Switch the StickyKeys either on or off)
17. NUM LOCK for five seconds (Switch the ToggleKeys either on or off)
18. Windows Logo +U (Open Utility Manager)
 
Windows Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
 
19. END (Display the bottom of the active window)
20. HOME (Display the top of the active window)
21. NUM LOCK+Asterisk sign (*) (Display all of the subfolders that are under the selected folder)
22. NUM LOCK+Plus sign (+) (Display the contents of the selected folder)
23. NUM LOCK+Minus sign (-) (Collapse the selected folder)
24. LEFT ARROW (Collapse the current selection if it is expanded, or select the parent folder)
25. RIGHT ARROW (Display the current selection if it is collapsed, or select the first subfolder)


Shortcut Keys for Character Map
After you double-click a character on the grid of characters, you can move through the grid by using the keyboard shortcuts:

1. RIGHT ARROW (Move to the rightor to the beginning of the next line)
2. LEFT ARROW (Move to the left orto the end of the previous line)
3. UP ARROW (Move up one row)
4. DOWN ARROW (Move down one row)
5. PAGE UP (Move up one screen at a time)
6. PAGE DOWN (Move down one screen at a time)
7. HOME (Move to the beginning of the line)
8. END (Move to the end of the line)
9. CTRL+HOME (Move to the first character)
10. CTRL+END (Move to the last character)
11. SPACEBAR (Switch between Enlarged and Normal mode when a character is selected)

Microsoft Management Console (MMC)
Main Window Keyboard Shortcuts
 
1. CTRL+O (Open a saved console)
2. CTRL+N (Open a new console)
3. CTRL+S (Save the open console)
4. CTRL+M (Add or remove a console item)
5. CTRL+W (Open a new window)
6. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
7. ALT+SPACEBAR (Display the MMC window menu)
8. ALT+F4 (Close the console)
9. ALT+A (Display the Action menu)
10. ALT+V (Display the View menu)
11. ALT+F (Display the File menu)
12. ALT+O (Display the Favorites menu)


MMC Console Window Keyboard Shortcuts
 
1. CTRL+P (Print the current page or active pane)
2. ALT+Minus sign (-) (Display the window menu for the active console window)
3. SHIFT+F10 (Display the Action shortcut menu for the selected item)
4. F1 key (Open the Help topic, if any, for the selected item)
5. F5 key (Update the content of all console windows)
6. CTRL+F10 (Maximize the active console window)
7. CTRL+F5 (Restore the active console window)
8. ALT+ENTER (Display the Properties dialog box, if any, for the selected item)
9. F2 key (Rename the selected item)
10. CTRL+F4 (Close the active console window. When a console has only one console window, this shortcut closes the console)


Remote Desktop Connection Navigation
 
1. CTRL+ALT+END (Open the Microsoft Windows NT Security dialog box)
2. ALT+PAGE UP (Switch between programs from left to right)
3. ALT+PAGE DOWN (Switch between programs from right to left)
4. ALT+INSERT (Cycle through the programs in most recently used order)
5. ALT+HOME (Display the Start menu)
6. CTRL+ALT+BREAK (Switch the client computer between a window and a full screen)
7. ALT+DELETE (Display the Windows menu)
8. CTRL+ALT+Minus sign (-) (Place a snapshot of the active window in the client on the Terminal server clipboard and provide the same functionality as pressing PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)
9. CTRL+ALT+Plus sign (+) (Place asnapshot of the entire client window area on the Terminal server clipboardand provide the same functionality aspressing ALT+PRINT SCREEN on a local computer.)

Microsoft Internet Explorer Keyboard Shortcuts
 
1. CTRL+B (Open the Organize Favorites dialog box)
2. CTRL+E (Open the Search bar)
3. CTRL+F (Start the Find utility)
4. CTRL+H (Open the History bar)
5. CTRL+I (Open the Favorites bar)
6. CTRL+L (Open the Open dialog box)
7. CTRL+N (Start another instance of the browser with the same Web address)
8. CTRL+O (Open the Open dialog box,the same as CTRL+L)
9. CTRL+P (Open the Print dialog box)
10. CTRL+R (Update the current Web )

PHILIPPINE MEDICINAL PLANTS

Here are the list of Medicinal Plants that can be found here in the Philippines :

AKAPULKO- 
Scientific name : Casia Alata
English name : Ringworm Bush


Treats skin diseases like Tinea infections,ringworms,eczema,scabies and insect bites.




USE AND PREPARATION:

Pound  leaves and apply to affected areas.

You can also boil the leaves and two glass of water, and wash theaffected area 2x a day.

AMPALAYA-
Scientific name: Momordia Charantia
English name: Bitter Melon

Help aleviates various ailments like Diabetis,liver problems, cough and fever ,treatment forintestinal worms and diarrhea.

Aids in lowering blood sugar level and lowers blood preassure.


USE AND PREPARATION:

Juice amplaya leaves and drink a spoonful a day.

ATIS-
Scientific name: Anona Squamosa L.
English name: Sugar Apple

Treats dysentery, diarrhea and fainting.



USE AND PREPARATION:

Crushed leaves are for dizziness and fainting.

Boil the bark of atis ,and drink for diarrhea.

Boiling of leaves treats cold ,fever and dysentery. 

BANABA-
Scientific name: Lagerstromia speciosa
English name:  Giant crape myrtle, Queen's Crape-myrtle, Banaba Plant, Pride of India

Aids incure of diabetis,ease urination,fights obesity,and blood preassure control.




USE AND PREPARATION:

Boil banaba leaves and drink like tea.

BAYABAS-

Scientific name: Psidium guajava
English name: Guava


Has antiseptic properties and helps to heal wounds,it has strong concentration of vitamin A and C.
Helps cure diarrhea.




USE AND PREPARATION:

Boil bayabas leaves,and wash it to wound.
Eating of the fruits helps aid diarrhea,to much consumption of it will cause constipation.

BAWANG-
Scientificname: Allium Sativum
English name: Garlic


Reduces cholesterol level, known to have  antibiotic properties.
Helps lower blood preassure.


USE AND PREPARATION:

Eat 2 to 3 cloves after every meal.

GUMAMELA-

Scientific name: Hibiscus rosa-sinensis Linn
English name: Rose mallow

As herbal medicine, gumamela flower, leaves and roots are used. Gumamela has the following medicinal characteristics: expectorant, diuretic, emollient, anti-infectious, anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, anodyne and refrigerant.


USE AND PREPARATION:

Boil  gumamela  to1/4 water for Bronchitis,cough,fever,urinary and bladder infection, high blood preassure and constipation.

LAGUNDI-
Scientific name: Vitex negundo
English name: Five leaved chaste tree

Relief for asthma, treats cough,fever,cold and flu.


USE AND PREPARATION:

Boil chopped leaves  and drink 4x a day.

LUYA-
Scientific name: Zinniger Officinale
English name: Ginger


Known for it's antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, antiviral, diuretic and antiseptic properties.







USE AND PREPARATION:

Boil  ginger in water and drink.

For rheumatism, pound ginger and apply to the affected area.Mixed with oil for easy application.

MALUNGGAY-

Scientific name: Moringga oleifera
English name: Horse raddish

The leaves of this plant proved to be a good source of calcium, iron, ascorbic acid and phosphorus. Its other parts such as the seeds, the young pods, and the flowers have been established to benefit individuals as far as anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, circulatory stimulations, and such other activities that are most beneficial to mankind, are concerned. 

USE AND PREPARATION:

Aside from boiling,There are malunggay capsules that are now available in the market, which contain 250mg dried young leaves of the malunggay plant.

NIYOG-NYUGAN-

Scientific name: Quisqualis indica
English name:Dhinese Honeysuckle

By eating ,matured dried seeds niyog-niyugan eliminates intestinal worms, Thrichina and Ascaris.




USE AND PREPARATION:


Use only mature seeds, dried and newly cracked nut.
Adult, 8-10 seeds
7-12 years old, 6-7 seeds
6-8 years old, 5-6 seeds
4-5 years old, 4-5 seeds.

OREGANO-
Scientific name: Origanum vulgare
English name: Sweet marjoram

It has anti-oxidant and anti-microbial properties which help eases cough,asthma , upset stomach and  prevents arthritis and osteoarthritis.


USE AND PREPARATION:
Boil  fresh leaves  for 10 to 15 minutes. Drink  3 times a day for common colds.

For a concentrate, juice the oregano leaves and take 1 tablespoon every hour to relieve chronic coughs, rheumatism, bronchitis, asthma, and dyspepsia.

PANSIT- PANSITAN-
Scientific name: Peperomia pellucida
English name:  

Treat arthritis, gout, skin disorders, abdominal pains and kidney problems.





USE AND PREPARATION:

Salad: Wash 1 1/2 glasses of fresh mature leaves thoroughly. Add a pinch of salt and pepper.
Decoction: Wash the leaves thoroughly and chop into pieces. Boil 2 glasses of chopped leaves with 4 glasses of water for 15 minutes in low fire without cover. Cool and strain.
Drink 1/3 glass after every meal, or 3x a day.

SAMBONG-
Scientific name: Blumea balsamifera
English name: Blumea Camphora

Treat kidney disorders, colds, fever, rheumatism, hypertension and other ailments. As a diuretic, it helps in the excretion of urinary stones. 




USE AND PREPARATION:

Boil leaves,drink like tea 3x a day.






-end-

17 Regions of the Philippines

Philippines has 3 Island groups LUZON, VISAYAS  and MINDANAO from this 17 regions are geographically combined.

17 REGIONS OF THE  PHILIPPINES

**LUZON**

(NCR) NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION - 

• Caloocan City
• Las Piñas City
• Makati City
• Malabon City
• Mandaluyong City
• Manila
• Marikina City
• Muntinlupa City
• Navotas City
• Parañaque City
• Pasay City
• Pasig City
• Pateros City
• Quezon City
• San Juan City
• Taguig City
• Valenzuela City.

(CAR) CORDILLERA ADMINISTRATIVE REGION -

• Abra
• Apayao
• Benguet
• Ifugao,
• Kalinga
• Mountain Province

 ( Region I ) ILOCOS REGION

• Ilocos Norte
• Ilocos Sur
• La Union
• Pangasinan

( Region II ) CAGAYAN VALLEY

• Batanes 
• Cagayan
• Isabela
• Nueva Viscaya
• Quirino

( Region III ) CENTRAL LUZON

• Aurora
• Bataan
• Bulacan
• Nueva Ecija
• Pampanga 
• Tarlac
• Zambales

( Region IV-A ) CALABARZON

• Cavite
• Laguna
• Batangas
• Rizal
• Quezon

( Region IV-B ) MIMAROPA

• Marinduque
• Occidental Mindoro
• Oriental Mindoro
• Romblon 
• Palawan

( Region V ) BICOL REGION

• Albay
• Camarines Norte
• Camarines Sur
• Catanduanes
• Masbate 
• Sorsogon

**VISAYAS**

(Region VI ) WESTERN VISAYAS

• Aklan
• Antique
• Capiz
• Guimaras
• Iloilo
• Negros Occidental

(Region VII ) CENTRAL VISAYAS

• Bohol
• Cebu
• Negros Oriental
• Siquijor

(Region VIII ) EASTERN VISAYAS

• Biliran
• Eastern Samar
• Leyte
• Northern samar
• Samar
• Southern Leyte

**MINDANAO**

( Region IX ) ZAMBOANGAPENINZULA

• Zamboanga del Norte
• Zamboanga del Sur
• Zamboanga Sibugay

( Region X ) NORTHERN MINDANAO

• Bukidnon
• Camiguin
• Lanao del Norte
• Misamis Occidental
• Misamis Oriental

( Region XI ) DAVAO REGION

• Compostela Valley
• Davao del Norte
• Davao del sur
• Davao Oriental

( Region XII) SOCCSKSRGEN

• Cotabato
• Sarangani
• South Cotabato
• Sultan Kudarat
• General Santos City

( Region XIII) CARAGA

• Agusan del Norte
• Agusan del Sur
• Dinagat Islands
• Surigao del Norte
• Surigao del Sur

(ARMM) AUTONOMOUS REGION IN MUSLIM MINDANAO

• Basilan
• Lanao del Sur
• Maguindanao
• Shariff Kabunsuan
• Sulu
• Tawi-tawi 

The effect hides any country reject into my economics.

Philippine heroes and pen names

       These are some of our Heroes and their Pen names:

Jose Protacio Rizal

(Laong-Laan)   

                                                                 

The national hero, was born in Calamba, Laguna on June 19, 1861 to Francisco Mercado Rizal and Teodora Alonso. Rizal went on to Ateneo Municipal de Manila and finished Bachelor of Arts with highes honours on March 23, 1876 at the University of Santo Tomas.

Rizal studied medicine. He then went to Europe and finished medicine    and philosophy at the Central University of Madrid in 1885. He took up graduate studies in France. Rizal became a linguist and learnt Greek and Latin. During his time in Europe, He wrote Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not) and El Filibusterismo (The Rebel), which told of the oppression by Spanish colonial rule.

Rizal returned to the Philippines in June 1892. He founded La Liga Filipina, a forum for Filipinos to express their hopes for feedom from Spanish rule. His writings and La Liga Filipina were banned. Rizal was arrested as a revolutionary and imprisoned in Fort Santiago on July 6,1892. On July 14 he was exiled to Dapitan. He stayed there for four years, treating the sick, opened up a school and tried to make the place beautiful and safe.In order to escape his exile, Rizal volunteered to serve as a doctor for the Spanish forces with the breakout of the Cuban revolution for independence.

Rizal was arrested while in transit to Cuba and sent back to the Philippines. Again, he was jailed in Fort Santiago and on December 26,1896, the Spanish authorities tried him and found Rizal guilty of inciting rebellion and sedition. Rizal was executed by a firing squad on December 30,1896 at Bagumbayan (now Luneta) at the age of 35. On the eve of his execution,Rizal wrote his most famous poem Mi Ultimo Adios (My Last Farewell).

     
     Andres Bonifacio  (Agap-ito Bagumbayan) 

      was born to Santiago Bonifacio and Catalina de Castro, a Spanish mestiza, in Tondo, Manila on November 30, 1863.  He supplemented his low education through reading and self-study. Among the books he read were Rizal's novels, the lives of presidents, Victor Hugo's Le Miserables, the ruins of Palmyra, and the French Revolution. Those books prodded his spirit of rebellion and gave him impulse to organize the Katipunan. This organization spread rapidly in 1894 in many parts of the Philippines. He felt that he was about ready to lead a successful revolt in May 1896. However, before he could act, the Katipunan was discovered by the authorities. More than 1,000 Katipuneros assembled with him at Pugad Lawin, Caloocan, on August 23, 1896 and tore their cedulas. More than 1,000 Katipuneros assembled with him at Pugad Lawin, Caloocan, on August 23, 1896 and tore their cedulas. Bonifacio with his family and men left Naic for Indang. On his return from Montalban, Aguinaldo sent men to arrest him, but Bonifacio resisted arrest and was wounded. He faced a trial for acts inimical to the existence of the new government and was given the death sentence by a military tribunal. Aguinaldo's men executed him in the mountains of Maragondon, Cavite on May 10,1987.

·     

    Antonio Luna (taga-ilog) 

Born in Binondo, Manila on October 29, 1856 to Don Joaquin Luna and Doña Laureana Novicio, of Badoc, Ilocos Norte. He entered the Ateneo de Manila where he began to take interest in literature and chemistry. He obtained his Bachelor of Arts in 1881. At the University of Santo Tomas, he won first prize for his composition “Dos Cuerpos Fundamentales de Quimica,” on the occasion of the elevation of Fr. Ceferino Gonzales to the Cardinalate. At the invitation of his brother, Juan, he left for Europe. He got a Licentiate in Pharmacy at the University of Barcelona. The Central University of Madrid conferred him his Doctor of Pharmacy in 1890. In Spain he wrote El Hematozoario Paludismo, acclaimed by leading bacteriologist in Europe as thorough and exhaustive scientific work. Using the pen name Taga -Ilog, he published in the La Solidaridad “Impresiones” a satirical observation of Spanish customs and idiosyncracies. he returned to the Philippines where he wrote less but was more vocal in advocating that the Philippines be made a province of Spain with the Filipinos enjoying the rights and privileges of Spanish citizens. He was not sympathetic to the Katipunan but advocated liberalism which caused his imprisonment in Madrid. After his release, he left for Belgium where he studied the art of military strategy under General Leman. In 1898, he surveyed the Manila-Dagupan terrain for possible defense perimeter against the American troops. In 1899, he was appointed Chief of War Operations with the rank of Brigadier General. After the fall of La Loma on February 5,1899, he saw the urgency of reorganizing the army. A military academy was created at Malolos to train officers for field command. Officers of the 1896 revolution were recruited. A Red Cross chapter was also organized. After the fall of Marilao, Bulacan on March 29, 1899, he was crushed not only by the defeat but by the lack of discipline among the Filipino troops. He tendered his resignation but Aguinaldo did not accept. He continues to fight in the fields of Pampanga, Tarlac and Pangasinan against the Americans. On June 4, 1899, he received a telegram from Aguinaldo ordering him to go to Cabanatuan for a conference. He arrived at the Cabanatuan Catholic Church Convent only to learn that Aguinaldo had left for Pampanga. Greatly provoked, he uttered insults at the President and berated the guards who were the same men he disarmed after the battle of Caloocan. When going down the stairs of the headquarters, the assassins riddles him with bullets and he was stabbed. After he was buried in the churchyard, Aguinaldo took command of the troops and relieved Luna’s officers and men of their duties in the field.

 Apolinario Mabini  (Dimlas-ilaw)

was born of Tanauan,Batangas on July 23, 1864. The second son of Inocencio Mabini and Dionisia Maranan.   During his third year in high school, Mabini won first prize. a silver medal and a diploma of honor for the course in Universal History, in a competition for scholarship conducted by the college of San Juan de Letran in Manila. He was able to obtain a new teaching position in the school of Sebatian Virrey. In March 1887, desirous of continuing his studies, Mabini took and passed the required examination at the University os Santo Tomas,obtaining the degree of Bachelor Of Arts completed the course in 1894. In the examination for Licentiate in Jurisprudence om March 2,1894, he obtained the grade of 'excellent '. He became a copyist in the court of first Instance of Manila. It was in January 1896 that he contracted a severe fever which resulted in his       permanent paralysis. His physical condition prevented him fir taking a more active part in revolutionary movement. Despite of his physical condition , Mabini played a prominent part in the second period of revolution. He planned the revolutionary government and acted as the Prime Minister of Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo. He occupied the constitutional de la Republica Filipina was one of the models of the Malolos constitution. His works earned revolutionary congress elected him chief justice of the supreme court. Mabini was captured by the American's in December 1899. He was released from prison on October 3,1900. He lived in a small nipa house in Manila where he barely supported himself writing a political articles. (El Simil de Alejandro) prompted the Americans to exile him to the island of Guam. After August 1901, because of his refusal to sign the required oath of allegiance to the U.S. after 17 months, he was convinced of the sincerity of American's good intension's in his country, he agreed to take the required oath.

         Mabini died of cholera in Manila on May 13, 1903 at the age of 39.  Aporlinario Mabini was called the "Sublime Paralytic ," having been paralyzed by a fatal illness which struck his lower limps in 1894. A lawyer by profession, his earlier political exposure was through the revived La Liga Filipina, the organization established by Jose Rizal in 1892. Not withstanding his physical handicap, Pres. Emilio Aguinaldo recognized his brilliance and named him his chief adviser. His thinking shaped the constitutional and political basis of the Philippine Republic, thus earning him the title the "Brains of the Revolution."

·        Emilio Jacinto (Dimas-Ilaw) 

      was born on December 15,1875 in Trozo, Manila.His parents were Mariano Jacinto and Josefa Dizon. Because of hard life he was forced to live with her uncle, Don Jose Dizon. He was enrolled at the San Juan de Letran College; then he transferred to the University of Santo Tomas where he took up law.At the start of the Phillippine Revolution in the year 1896, Emilio gave up his studies and joined the Katipunan. The bad experiences he had with his Spanish classmates, his readings about the Spanish injustices, and the sufferings of the Filipino people made a mark in his heart, leading him to go against the will of his loved ones and become a katipunero. At the age of 19, he became one of the ablest leaders of Katipunan. He served as an adviser, secretary, and fiscal to Bonifacio. He also supervised the manufacture of gunpowder.His intelligence was of great use to the Katipunan. He was reffered to as the "Brain of the Katipunan". He wrote the "Kartilla" the primer of the Katipunan where rules and regulations are contained. He edited the Katipunan's newspaper "Ang Kalayaan". A poet, Emilio's greatest poem was A La Patria, inspired by Rizals' My Ultimo Adios.It was signed "Dimas-Ilaw"his pen name. He was known in the Katipunan as Pingkian.

                  In February 1898, he fought the Spanish cazadores (riflemen) in Maimpis, Magdalena, Laguna. During this combat, he was wounded in the thigh and was taken to the Catholic church of Magdalena, where he was mercilessly dumped on the brickpaved platform of the stairway with his bleeding wound unattended. He was taken to the church of Santa Cruz where a Spanish surgeon kindly ministered to his wound, produced a pass from his pocket which identified him as Florentine Reyes. This saved his life. The truth was that the pass really belonged to a Filipino spy named Florentine Reyes whom Jacinto captured in Pasig some weeks before the battle in Maimpis. He took the pass and kept it in his pocket so that in case he should fall to the hands of the enemy, he could identify himself as a spy in the service of Spain.

                From his hideout, he wrote Apolinario Mabini in Malolos to express his plan to continue his law studies in the newly established Literary University of the Philippines. Mabini was happy to receive his letter and speedily consulted Aguinaldo about this plan. Aguinaldo welcomed Jacinto's coming to Malolos because of his remarkable intelligence. Mabini wrote him, saying that Aguinaldo approved of his request and that the last day of enrolment in the University was December 1, 1898.Unfortunately, Jacinto was unable to proceed to Malolos, for he returned to Laguna upon the urgent appeal of the fighting patriots of the province who wanted him as their leader. Jacinto established his secret headquarters in the hills of Majayjay. There he contacted the malignant malaria which caused his death on April 6, 1899. He was only 24 years old.

·        

·          Marcelo H. del Pilar (Plaridel) 

      started school in the College of Mr. Jose Flores. He transferred to the College of San Jose in Manila. He finished law in 1880. Marcelo H. del Pilar was more popularly known as Plaridel.

He later married his cousin Marciana del Pilar in 1878. They had seven children.Plaridel established the Diariong Tagalog in 1882 to publish observations and criticisms on how the Spanish government in the Philippines was run.Pedro Serrano Laktaw helped him in publishing "Dasalan at Tuksuhan" and the "Pasyong Dapat Ipa-alab ng Puso ng Taong Bayan".In Spain, he and Graciano Lopez-Jaena published the 
"La Solidaridad" which was the organ which contained their desires in improving the Philippine Government. He succeeded Lopez-Jaena as editor of the La Solidaridad.He died a poor man on July 4, 1896 in Barcelona, Spain.

Marcelo H. del Pilar's reputation as a propagandist was already established before an order for his arrest forced him to flee the country in 1880. Gifted with the common touch, he found ready audiences in the cockpits, the plazas, and the corner tiendas of his native Bulacan. Unlike Rizal who wrote his novels in Spanish, a fact which cut him off from most Filipinos who did not know the language, del Pilar wrote his propaganda pamphlets in simple Tagalog -- lucid, direct and forceful.

·         Graciano Lopez Jaena (Diego Laura) 
      is a Philippine writer more known for his literary Fray Butod .'Butod' the word Hiligaynon for "bat" and it also slang equivalent to "tabatsoy". Graciano Lopez Jaena was born in Jaro,Iloilo, on December 18,1856 Founder and first editor of the newspaper La Solidaridad, which became the vehicle of expression for Filipino propaganda in Spain. Together wtih Jose Rizal and Marcelo H. Del Pilar, he undertook propaganda campaigns in Spain.

·        Jose Ma. Panganiban (Jomapa)

      Avenger of Filipino honor. Born in Mambulao, Camarines Norte, on February 1, 1863. A good friend and co-worker of Rizal. He was Bicolandia's greatest contribution to the historic campaign for reforms, more popularly called the Propaganda Movement. He wrote articles for La Solidaridad, under the pen names Jomapa and J.M.P. Died in Barcelona, Spain, on August 19, 1890.

·         

     Pedro Paterno (Justo Desiderio Magalang) Statesman, poet, writer, and peacemaker. Born in Manila on February 27, 1858. He was the negotiator/mediator of the Pact of Biak-na-Bato. He helped prepare the Malolos constitution. Died on April 26, 1911. He used " Justo Desiderio Magalang" as his pen name when he wrote Ninay the very first filipino novel written in tagalong.